Writing in Nature Physics, Tim Ziegler and colleagues have reached a milestone in the development of such compact laser-driven ion accelerators by demonstrating that proton beams with energies up to 150 MeV can be produced with a petawatt laser 1.
The nuclear reaction known as proton-boron fusion has been triggered by a subnanosecond laser system focused onto a thick boron nitride target at modest laser intensity ($\ensuremath {\sim} {10}^ {16}\phantom {\rule {0.28em} {0ex}} {\mathrm {W}/\mathrm {cm}}^ {2}$), resulting in a record yield of generated \ensuremath {\alpha} particles.
Our study demonstrates experimentally that a micrometer-size scale-length pre-plasma can strongly enhance proton acceleration driven by ultraintense laser interaction with not-so-thin foil targets, leading to a threefold increase of the cut-off energy with respect to the case with no pre-plasma.
Relativistic electron rings hold the possibility of very high accelerating rates, and hopefully a relatively cheap and compact accelerator/collimator for ultrahigh energy proton source.
Now, proton beams with energies up to 150 MeV have been achieved with a repetitive petawatt laser. High-energy ion accelerators are powerful tools for both fundamental research and applications. A famous example is the Large Hadron Collider, the world’s largest accelerator, built for the study of particle and nuclear physics.
The nuclear reaction known as proton-boron fusion has been triggered by a subnanosecond laser system focused onto a thick boron nitride target at modest laser intensity …
1 INTRODUCTION. In proton radiotherapy, a fixed relative biological effectiveness (RBE) value of 1.1 is commonly used, assuming that protons are 10% more …
17 Breit frame Q = (0,0,0,−1) p = Q/(2x B)(1,0,0,1) Perturbative collinear ISR enters the detector; contributions from the radiations due to the hard interaction are power suppressed, beam …
In an experiment performed with a high-intensity and high-energy laser system, $ensuremath{alpha}$-particle production in proton-boron reaction by using a laser-driven …
Although many molecular dynamics simulations treat the atomic nuclei as classical particles, an adequate description of nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) is indispensable when studying …
1705 Physics in Medicine & Biology Analytical calculation of proton linear energy transfer in voxelized geometries including secondary protons D Sanchez-Parcerisa 1,4, M A Cortés …
In nuclear physics, atomic physics, and nuclear chemistry, the nuclear shell model utilizes the Pauli exclusion principle to model the structure of atomic nuclei in terms of energy levels. [1] …
The production of polarized proton beams with multi-GeV energies in ultraintense laser interaction with targets is studied with three-dimensional particle-in-cell …
Corresponding Author. Anqi Fu [email protected] Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA. Correspondence
The Monte Carlo method is employed in this study to simulate the proton irradiation of a water-gel phantom. Positron-emitting radionuclides such as 11 C, 15 O, and 13 …
The basal plane of graphene can function as a selective barrier that is permeable to protons1,2 but impermeable to all ions3,4 and gases5,6, stimulating its use in …
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4 Cross-section ˙ pp Cross-sections for single pion-production in inelastic pp-collisions: Total cross-section ˙ ppgrows quickly toseveral tens of mbfor proton projec- tile E kin˘few GeV, and …
Radiation-resistant but cost-efficient, flexible, and ultralight solar sheets with high specific power (W g −1) are the "holy grail" of the new space revolution, powering private space exploration, low-cost missions, and future …
Of the Christie facility''s total budget, £80m has been spent on construction while £50m has been allocated for the equipment alone. And the entire project had to be delivered …
With the rapid growth and development of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology, there has been increasing demand for clean and sustainable global …
More recently, the charge transfer mechanism of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) has generated great interest ().PCET is a key reaction behind biological …
Laser-driven acceleration is a promising path towards more compact machines. Now, proton beams with energies up to 150 MeV have been achieved with a repetitive petawatt …
Proton Energy Systems will develop a hydrogen-iron flow battery that can generate hydrogen for use and energy storage on the electric grid. This dual-purpose device …
Proton radiography is used in various high-energy-density (HED) plasma experiments. In this paper, we describe a Monte Carlo and ray-tracing simulation tool called …
Laser-driven ion accelerators can deliver high-energy, high-peak current beams and are thus attracting attention as a compact alternative to conventional accelerators. …
A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol p, H +, or 1 H + with a positive electric charge of +1 e (elementary charge) s mass is slightly less than the mass of a neutron and …
The rapid diffusion kinetics and smallest ion radius make protons the ideal cations toward the ultimate energy storage technology combining the ultrafast charging capabilities of …
Table 1 gives the dates, solar flare coordinates, proton fluences (F 30, F 200, and F 430), and the spectral index SI 30/200 (= log (F 30/ F 200)) determined from the spectral …
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The generally excepted value of the proton solvation energy in water is 11.53 eV [21], [22], [23], [24].However, the exact value can vary by several hundred meV between …
Based on current laboratory laser parameters and the low density target that is induced by the inevitable prepulse, we propose what we believe to be a new scheme to …
The Science. The proton is a composite particle made up of fundamental building blocks of quarks and gluons. These components and their interactions determine the …
The 27Al(p,p`γ)27Al nuclear reaction provides the highest cross-sections for gamma-ray emission in aluminium. As a result, the corresponding γ1—844 keV and γ2—1014 …
One and two proton separation energies from nuclear mass systematics using neural networks S. Athanassopoulos, a E. Mavrommatis, a K. A. Gernoth, b J. W. Clark c aPhysics Department, …
The effectiveness of MVA mechanism requires the efficient transfer of laser energy to the fast electrons in the plasma, which are accelerated in the plasma channel along …
The interaction of ultraintense laser pulses with solids is largely affected by the plasma gradient at the vacuum–solid interface, which modifies the absorption and ultimately, …
As an interesting ionic charge carrier, proton has the smallest ionic radius and the lowest ionic mass (Fig. 1a).Therefore, compared with metal carriers [16], proton has ultra-fast …
5 mm respectively. The 150 µ m-thick Si(Li) detector has 75mm 2 active area and two electrode layers, 40.4 é gm/cm 2-thick Au and 30.1 é gm/cm 2-thick Al.The 2 mm-thick Si(Li) detector …
Herein, the recent progress on proton batteries is discussed. The electrode materials in terms of their proton storage properties are discussed. Different proton electrolytes …
Proton radiobiology and uncertainties. Tracy Chui-hsu Yang, in Radiation Measurements, 1999. Protons dominate solar particle spectra (Rust, 1992; Smart and Shea, 1997).Since the …
1 Introduction. In some of the most extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) events, particles can be accelerated up to GeV energies. These energies are sufficient for …
The Weibull distribution for smallest values is shown to be a useful description for solar proton event energy spectra. One advantage is its compact analytic expression, which allows easy …
1 Introduction. Since the launch of Explorer 1 and 3, which led to the discovery of the Van Allen belts in 1958, tremendous effort has been given to protect spacefaring electronic …